In today’s world, public procurement is no longer merely a technical process of acquiring goods, services, and works. It represents a powerful tool for achieving broader social and economic objectives. The European Union recognized this potential through its 2014 directives, which allow public procurers to integrate various social considerations, including gender equality, into procurement processes. This approach, known as Gender-Responsive Public Procurement (GRPP), is specifically designed to enhance women’s role in the economy and contribute to a more inclusive society.
Socially responsible public procurement as a framework
Gender-responsive public procurement (GRPP) is part of the broader concept of Socially responsible public procurement (SRPP), based on the idea that public spending can be more than a means of meeting administrative needs. The public sector manages significant resources, providing a unique opportunity to shape markets and promote the implementation of social standards.
The EU’s 2014 directives – specifically 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU, and 2014/25/EU, establish a legal framework that enables the integration of social considerations into public procurement. This framework not only protects fundamental values like equality, non-discrimination, and human rights but also allows public procurers to promote innovation, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion. Within this context, GRPP becomes a strategic instrument for addressing gender inequality.
Challenges for women in public procurement
Research conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina reveals that women entrepreneurs and women-led enterprises face numerous barriers in the public procurement process. Key challenges include:
- Informal networks: Public procurement is often influenced by personal connections and informal agreements, excluding women who lack access to these networks.
- Complex procedures: Extensive documentation, high financial guarantees, and technical requirements create insurmountable obstacles for small businesses, often led by women.
- Discrimination and stereotypes: Traditional social norms favor men in business, while women frequently encounter biases regarding their ability to manage larger projects.
- Lack of support: Limited education, mentorship, and resources for women entrepreneurs further hinder their entry into the sector.
Gender-responsive public procurement as a solution
GRPP offers concrete tools to address these challenges and create a more inclusive public procurement system. Key aspects of this approach include:
- Reserved contracts: Introducing reserved contracts for women-owned businesses or those with significant female leadership participation.
- Division of contracts into smaller lots: This practice enables smaller enterprises to compete equally with larger firms.
- Encouraging transparency: Increased transparency in public procurement processes reduces corruption and opens doors for women who rely on professionalism and formal channels.
- Education and mentorship: Organizing workshops and mentorship programs for women entrepreneurs can empower them to participate actively in public procurement.
Findings from focus groups and interviews
Focus groups and interviews with women entrepreneurs and civil society representatives in Bosnia and Herzegovina provided valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for enhancing women’s role in public procurement. Participants highlighted that informal networks and social norms limit their access to information and opportunities. Additionally, complex procedures and high costs pose significant barriers for small women-led businesses.
A recurring theme was the perception that public procurement is a closed system where outcomes are often predetermined through informal agreements. This discourages women who rely on transparent and professional approaches.
Despite these challenges, women entrepreneurs expressed confidence that increased women’s participation in public procurement could bring significant changes. They believe women bring higher levels of ethics and professionalism to business, which could positively impact the entire sector.
The research was conducted by Eda between October and December 2024 as part of the project “Enhancing Women’s Participation and Gender-Sensitive Policies in Public Procurement at the Local Level in Bosnia and Herzegovina” funded by the Canada Fund for Local Initiatives (CFLI).
Recommendations for GRPP Implementation
Based on the research as well as feedback from focus groups and interviews, key recommendations for improving GRPP include:
- Simplifying procedures: Reducing bureaucratic barriers and financial guarantee requirements to facilitate access for small businesses.
- Education and guides: Developing practical guides and digital platforms to train women on public procurement processes.
- Support through mentorship: Connecting women entrepreneurs with experienced mentors who can provide practical advice.
- Promoting success stories: Media campaigns showcasing women who have successfully participated in public procurement can inspire others to get involved.
- Strengthening transparency: Introducing measures that enhance transparency at all stages of the public procurement process.
Conclusion
Gender-responsive public procurement is a key component of modern public policies aimed at achieving gender equality and social justice. By implementing GRPP, the public sector not only contributes to the economic empowerment of women but also fosters a more inclusive and sustainable society. While challenges remain, the strategic application of these principles can transform the public procurement sector and open new opportunities for women entrepreneurs in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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